Three broad etiologies of ARF were identified based on clinical judgment: pulmonary embolism-related disease (PED, n = 14) diffuse lung involvement disease (DLD, n = 21) and focal lung involvement disease (FLD, n = 58). PaO 2/FiO 2 was significantly correlated with VQMatch % ( r = 0.324, P = 0.001). ResultsĪ total of 108 ICU patients were prospectively included: 93 with ARF and 15 without as a control. Overall defect scores ( Defect V, Defect Q and Defect V+ Q) were the sum of four cross-quadrants of the corresponding images. Data percentile distributions in the control group and clinical simplicity were taken into consideration when defining the scores. Regional distribution defects of each quadrant were scored as 0 (distribution% ≥ 15%), 1 (15% > distribution% ≥ 10%) and 2 (distribution% < 10%). Ventilation and perfusion maps were divided into four cross-quadrants (lower left and right, upper left and right). DeadSpace %, Shunt % and VQMatch % were calculated based on lung perfusion and ventilation images. Ventilation image was captured before the breath holding period under regular mechanical ventilation. Perfusion image was generated from EIT-based impedance–time curves caused by 10 ml 10% NaCl injection during a respiratory hold. The aim of this study was to validate whether regional ventilation and perfusion data measured by electrical impedance tomography (EIT) with saline bolus could discriminate three broad acute respiratory failure (ARF) etiologies.
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